Pengembangan Sistem Drainase Hemat Energi dan Air Berbasis Multi-Hole Suction Pipe (MHSP) untuk Aplikasi Akuakultur

Abstract

Tulungagung Regency, East Java province, possesses significant potential in the aquaculture of gourami (Osphronemus goramy). However, productivity is often constrained by the accumulation of organic sediment at the pond bottom, which generates toxic ammonia (NH₃). Conventional drainage systems have proven to be inefficient in removing solid waste and are associated with high energy and water consumption. This study aims to design and model a drainage system based on the Multi-Hole Suction Pipe (MHSP) concept to enhance the technical efficiency of aquaculture waste management. The MHSP system utilizes 1.5-inch diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes equipped with 16 evenly distributed suction points across the bottom of a pond measuring 11 × 13 × 1.7 meters. A theoretical approach using the Durand and Zandi–Govatos equations was applied to determine the minimum fluid velocity (0.038 m/s) required to prevent sedimentation of fish waste, which has a particle size of approximately 1 mm and a density of 1,050–1,100 kg/m³. Simulation showed that the actual average velocity achieved by the system was 0.108 m/s—exceeding the critical threshold to prevent settling. Analysis of the implementation shows that reducing the pump operation time from 4 to 2 hours per day enhanced energy efficiency by 50%, reducing consumption from 1.6 kWh/day/pond to 0.8 kWh/day/pond. Water efficiency was also achieved, saving 20–24 m³/day without the need for complete pond drainage. The system effectively maintains water quality and will reduces fish mortality caused by ammonia buildup. In conclusion, the MHSP drainage system presents at applied engineering solution that promotes energy efficiency, water conservation, and sustainable waste management in freshwater aquaculture